$40 Trillion in Debt, and Counting

 

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STARTUPS

ROUNDS AND UNICORNS

  1. Castelion (Defense Tech): Torrance, California-based Castelion, which is developing a hypersonic strike missile, raised $800 million in equity plus $250 million in debt financing led by JPMorgan Chase, Andreessen Horowitz, and Carlyle, valuing the company at $13 billion

  2. Etched (Semiconductors): San Jose, California-based Etched, a maker of inference clusters for AI computing, secured $700 million led by Jane Street and a long list of investors, valuing the 4-year-old company at $21 billion

  3. Higgsfield (AI Video Tools): San Francisco-based AI video- and image-creation platform Higgsfield closed a $400 million Series B led by DST Global with at least 18 investors participating, reaching a $5.4 billion valuation

  4. Groq (Data Centers): San Francisco-based Groq, which operates 13 data centers globally, raised $350 million led by Disruptive with planned participation from Nvidia, valuing the company at $3.5 billion just months after a $650 million round in June

  5. Wispr Flow (Voice-to-Text AI): Wispr Flow, maker of the AI voice-to-text tool Flow, picked up $280 million in Series B funding led by Menlo Ventures, reaching a $2 billion valuation

California attracted $366 billion in venture capital this year, roughly 90% of all US VC funding and more than three times what every other state raised combined. AI dominated the state's investment activity, with 86 cents of every VC dollar going to AI companies, and just two firms, Anthropic and OpenAI, accounting for half of the total, both now confidentially filed for IPOs later this year. New York ranked a distant second with $27 billion. Despite complaints about high costs and regulation and a coming November ballot vote on a billionaire tax, California's economy grew 5% last year to a record $4.25 trillion, larger than every country except the US, China, and Germany

  • Four of the top 25 largest 2026 VC deals went to Southern California companies: Anduril Industries, Shield AI, Travis Kalanick's Atoms, and Valar Atomics

  • Governor Gavin Newsom opposes the wealth tax ballot measure, arguing it would drive away investors

  • AI-driven stock market gains have swung California's fiscal outlook from a projected $12.6 billion deficit to an expected $4.5 billion surplus

ECONOMIC SNAPSHOT

US national debt surpassed $40 trillion last week, a milestone economists called expected but still significant, debt has doubled since 2016 and is rising by about $90,000 per second. What's different this time, economists say, is the level of interest rates, driven partly by inflation and partly by heavy government and tech-sector borrowing competing for investor cash. Interest payments are now 15% higher than a year ago and represent nearly 20% of tax revenue, more than defense spending. The US is nearing its $41.1 trillion debt ceiling, with debt projected to hit $64 trillion by 2036, and while not yet critical, diminishing investor appetite for US bonds is pushing borrowing costs higher across the board

  • US debt-to-GDP now stands at 126%, still lower than Japan's and Italy's among G7 nations

  • Higher borrowing costs are expected to hit Americans through pricier mortgages, car loans, and credit cards, with lower-income households affected most

  • Fixing the debt trajectory would likely require stronger economic growth, tax and spending reform, or debt restructuring, though political will for any of those options appears limited

New Fed Chair Kevin Warsh faces a critical test at this week's Jackson Hole symposium, where investors are watching for signals on his commitment to fighting inflation amid a sell-off in US government bonds. Warsh has signaled reluctance to offer traditional hints about future rate decisions, instead suggesting his speech may focus on "bigger questions" like productivity and demographics, an approach economists warn could add volatility to already-tense bond markets. Long-term Treasury yields have risen back toward their highest levels since 2007, driven by anxiety over the Iran war's inflationary effects and US national debt surpassing $40 trillion, despite Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent's pledge to double Treasury bond purchases

  • Warsh was previously criticized by investors for sending confusing signals at his first press conference as Fed chair in July

  • Markets anticipate at least one, and possibly two, quarter-point rate increases by mid-2026

  • Trump, who appointed Warsh, has publicly called on the Fed to cut rates, raising concerns about central bank independence

California's Proposition 40, a first-of-its-kind measure appearing on the November ballot, would impose a one-time 5% wealth tax on the state's roughly 250 billionaires, collectively worth $2.4 trillion, to help fund healthcare, food assistance, and public education after federal cuts under Trump's One Big Beautiful Bill, which opponents say could cost California nearly $100 billion over five years. Google co-founder Sergey Brin has spent $102 million fighting the measure through a group called Building a Better California. Critics, including Governor Gavin Newsom and tax policy experts, warn the tax could drive billionaires out of state, though its architect designed it to apply to anyone who was a California resident as of January, closing that loophole

  • Under the proposal, 90% of tax revenue would go to healthcare and 10% to food assistance and education

  • California's top 1% of earners pay nearly 50% of the state's personal income taxes, according to the state Chamber of Commerce

  • Brin and other billionaires have recently relocated to the Nevada side of Lake Tahoe, which critics say could accelerate if the measure passes

Strong earnings from Microsoft and Amazon have shifted investor focus from whether AI spending will pay off to which companies will deliver long-term returns, as robust cloud growth reassures markets about infrastructure demand. Hyperscalers have lagged a 75% surge in the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index and rallies from neocloud providers CoreWeave and Nebius, but fund managers expect hyperscalers' profit growth to outpace capex growth by 2028. Reuters estimates hyperscalers will generate about $340 billion more in annual operating cash flow in 2027 than in 2025, even as capex rises roughly $534 billion. Investors argue AI should be viewed as an ecosystem rather than a choice between chipmakers and cloud providers, though others warn neocloud providers face more risk given their reliance on debt and premium pricing

  • Microsoft trades at the highest valuation among hyperscalers at 24.6 times forward earnings, while Meta trades at the lowest at 17.6

  • One estimate suggests AI monetization needs to grow five to thirteen times current levels to justify existing spending plans

  • Analysts expect fewer AI winners in the future than the number of companies currently competing, favoring those with the broadest technology and deepest customer relationships

IPOs & EXITS

Anthropic is preparing to create a special class of stock giving CEO Dario Amodei and other co-founders extra voting power, aimed at insulating them from external shareholder pressure ahead of a potential IPO. The company also plans to maintain its existing body of non-shareholder trustees, using a separate stock class to let them elect a majority of the board. Amodei owns only about 2% of Anthropic, notably low for a founder, and this would mark the first time its leadership has held supervoting power. Such dual-class structures are common among founder-led companies, including SpaceX and Meta, where Mark Zuckerberg controls about 60% of votes through super-voting shares

  • The specific details of the voting arrangement are not yet known, and the plans could still change

  • Anthropic is structured as a public benefit corporation, legally required to balance profit with social benefit

  • The company maintains a Long-Term Benefit Trust, an independent body overseeing its public benefit mission

Anthropic is preparing for a potential IPO that could value the company at around $2 trillion, potentially topping SpaceX's record $85.7 billion offering from two months ago. The company, which confidentially filed to go public in June, has held preliminary investor meetings in San Francisco covering competition, open-source margin pressure, and data center slowdown risks. Growing public opposition to AI data centers is expected to be a key IPO risk factor, a May Gallup survey found seven in 10 Americans oppose data center construction in their area, and that backlash has spilled into politics, with a Florida gubernatorial primary won by a candidate campaigning on restrictions and Pennsylvania's governor tightening development standards

  • Anthropic is currently valued at close to $1 trillion in the private market and recently topped a $65 billion annual revenue run rate

  • Hyperscalers are spending hundreds of billions of dollars this year on data center buildouts and GPU purchases to meet AI demand

  • SpaceX's IPO prospectus previously flagged "adverse global macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions" as a risk factor, a disclosure Anthropic may echo

 

Shein plans to raise up to roughly $1.8 billion in its Hong Kong IPO, valuing the company at up to $26.8 billion, a steep drop from the $100 billion valuation it commanded in 2022 and $66 billion a year later. Backers including HSG, General Atlantic, and Tiger Global will get cash or stock compensation for the decline under downside protections in earlier rounds. The listing follows scrapped plans to go public in New York and London, and comes as Shein continues grappling with fallout from the end of the U.S. de minimis exemption, warning in its prospectus that Europe could pose similar tariff challenges soon. Separately, CFIUS is reportedly reviewing Shein's planned acquisition of Everlane from L Catterton

  • At the top of its range, Shein would rank among the world's most valuable public clothing companies

  • Shein previously abandoned plans to list in both New York and London before turning to Hong Kong

  • The Everlane deal is under U.S. national security review as Shein looks to expand beyond fast fashion

 

More than 500 seed- or venture-backed startups have sold to other private, venture-backed companies so far this year, with OpenAI, Databricks, and Anthropic among the most active acquirers. Deal counts are running slightly below last year's pace, though overall market conditions haven't shifted dramatically, tech IPOs remain scarce, AI valuations stay elevated, and megarounds have left top acquirers flush with cash. OpenAI has been the most acquisitive, buying eight startups this year and at least 19 total to date, while Anthropic has snapped up five, including its $400 million purchase of AI biotech startup Coefficient Bio. Crypto platform MoonPay also went on a spree, acquiring five funded startups between April and July

  • At least 440 funded startups sold to other startups in the first half of the year, though the second half has been slower so far, with fewer than 100 deals

  • Startup M&A activity peaked around four years ago, dipped alongside a broader investment slowdown, then rebounded with the rise of AI

  • Databricks, Cyera, Harvey, and Legora are also among this year's more active acquirers

8ALPHA.AI HIGHLIGHT

What a great evening at the Seattle Chapter: Startup Pitch Competition!

A huge thank you to everyone who joined us and helped make the event such a success. It was great to see founders, investors, operators, and community members come together to support and strengthen the Seattle startup ecosystem.

To the founders who took the stage, thank you for sharing your vision, your hard work, and the companies you're building. And to our judges, thank you for your time, expertise, and thoughtful feedback.

Congratulations to Cameron McCann and the team at Q-Immune for taking home the win!

A special thank you to our fellow hosts, LaFamilia Foundation and Awana, and to our sponsors Silicon Valley Bank, Hal9, Microsoft, Carta, and Perkins Coie for helping make this event possible.

We hope this was more than just a competition. We hope it sparked new conversations, meaningful connections, and future collaborations across the Seattle startup ecosystem.

Looking forward to seeing what comes next.

The Venture Model Is Broken. What Comes Next?

99% of deals don’t matter.

In Q1 2026, nearly $200B went into just five companies, with ~89% of deal value concentrated in AI.

At the same time:

  • Fund formation has dropped sharply

  • Exit activity remains limited

  • Liquidity is concentrated in a handful of large outcomes

From the outside, it looks like venture capital is back. But underneath, the reality is very different.

Fewer funds are being raised

Liquidity is still tight

And for most companies, access to capital hasn’t improved

This isn’t just a cycle, it’s a structural shift in how capital is allocated.

Watch Nicole Rojas, Head of Investment Operations at 8alpha.ai, break it down in our latest State of VC update. Explore funding and learn more at 8alpha.ai.

State of VC Report: The AI Power Law

“Every technological revolution has two halves: the bubble and the golden age that follows.”

Carlota Perez, economist and author of Technological Revolutions and Financial Capital (2002)

The stock market is at all-time highs, but inflation remains sticky and the job market is weakening. Ask around and you’ll hear the same refrain: the labor market feels tougher than ever. At the same time, the first wave of AI agents is “joining the workforce”. Imagine a software engineering agent capable of performing most tasks of a mid-level developer. Now imagine thousands. Extend that across every knowledge field, and the implications for productivity, and potential displacement, are profound.

What happens when the next round of layoffs hits? Add tariffs on top, and ask what happens if consumption weakens. Even the Federal Reserve admits it is unsure of what comes next.

Against this backdrop, venture capital in 2025 is not in recovery but in recalibration. The illusion of recovery is powered almost entirely by AI. Capital is flowing, but to fewer companies than ever. Outside AI, down rounds are rising, and nearly half the unicorn population hasn’t raised since 2022.

We are living in an AI bubble. Just four mega caps, Nvidia, Meta, Microsoft, and Broadcom, accounted for 60% of the S&P 500’s gains, with Nvidia alone responsible for more than a quarter. It’s a paradox. Yes, we’re in a bubble, but it’s also the future. We are witnessing what may be the most important technological shift in a generation. It’s hype layered on top of something undeniably real.

Uncertainty is the name of the game; not one single path forward, but divergent scenarios. Alpha will be earned through selectivity, by navigating volatility rather than avoiding it.

8alpha.ai is an AI fintech transforming cash-generating businesses into scalable, AI-powered companies. We provide revenue-based financing and hands-on AI transformation, delivering no zeros with unlimited upside. We’re the architects building financial infrastructure for the next generation of investors and startups.

Become part of our revolution.

Happy reading,

8alpha.ai’s Research & Investment Team